Essay On Innocence In To Kill A Mockingbird - 815 Words

Where Did My Innocence Go? In the rural town of Maycomb, Alabama, Scout Finch lives with her brother, Jem, and Father, Atticus. Scout teaches many lessons as well as defies stereotypes. Scout gives readers her perspective of things. In To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses the growth and characterization of Scout to reveal to readers how innocence slowly falls away through Scout’s obliviousness about other people, Scout’s protection towards her family, and Scout’s curious ways. Although Scout starts off being insensible towards others, she begins to grow and unmask to readers that innocence slowly disappears from a child. Jem and Scout meet Dill, a soon to be best-friend, and Scout asks Dill about his father. â€Å"I asked Dill where his†¦show more content†¦My left impaired, I sailed in with my right, but not for long. Uncle Jack pinned my arms to my sides and said ‘Stand Still!’(Lee 96). Whenever anyone criticizes Atticus or calls him an impolite name, Scout becomes infuriated. By Scout fighting, the image of a polite, sweet, little girl is destroyed. By allowing Scout to physically retaliate, Lee reveals some characterization of Scout. As Scout grows and matures, she begins to stop fighting and use words and emotions to express herself. Readers can learn from Scout that using her fists is not the best way to settle disagreements, and people should work things out in a different way. Through Scout’s curiosity, readers are sho wn that innocence is lost as a child. After Christmas at Finch’s Landing, Uncle Jack goes home with Scout, Jem, and Atticus. Uncle Jack tries to tell Scout how wrong she was but, she did not get the chance to tell her side of the story at first.â€Å" ‘What did Francis call him?’ ‘A n----- -lover, I ain’t very sure what it means, but the way Francis said it -tell you one thing right now, Uncle Jack, I’ll be- I swear before God if I’ll sit there and let him say somethin’ about Atticus’ † (Lee 98). By Scout telling Uncle Jack how she felt about people calling Atticus names, Scout later learns what the name means. She has a very good relationship with her father and knows that she can ask Atticus anything and obtain an honorable answer. By Atticus answering all of Scout’s questions, some ofShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Innocence Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel, to kill a mockingbird, Harper Lee presents three very distinct types of innocence that are portrayed by different characters throughout the novel. A good part in this story’s brilliance is that Harper Lee has managed to use the innocence of a young girl to her advantage. She does this by telling the whole story from a child’s point-of-view. By having an innocent little girl make racial remarks and regard people of color in a way consistent with the community, Lee provides the readerRead MoreInnocence and Prejudice in to Kill a Mockingbird Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee is a beautiful story depicting a family living in the South of the 1930’s, and their struggle against the prejudice which was common to that time. The book centers on Atticus Finch, the father of the family as well as a lawyer, and his fight against prejudice. We see the story unfold through the innocent eyes of his young daughter, Scout, who is fr ee from prejudice and not yet jaded. By viewing events as Scout sees them, the author shows us how to overcome prejudicesRead MoreLoss Of Innocence In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay721 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"No man knows the value of innocence and integrity but he who has lost them† In this quotation, The unknown writer explains that innocence has such great value and no man knows the importance of it except those who has lost them. In To Kill a Mockingbird, By Harper Lee, There are three different characters that are portrayed as Mockingbirds. In To Kill a Mockingbird, The Mockingbird represents Loss of innocence. Three characters that are Mockingbirds are Jem finch, Boo radley, and Tom Robinson. FirstRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Loosing Innocence Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesPeople can get away with killing pigeons, cardinals, and blue jays, but it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. A mockingbird wouldn’t hurt anything; it’s only purpose is to sing songs for the everyday people. Jem and Scout had to restrain from shooting the mockingbirds due to their father’s warning. The novel To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee, is written from the view point of a little girl, Scout, in the 1930’s during the Great Depression. Her father, Atticus, is assigned a court caseRead MoreThe Significance of the Title to Kill a Mockingbird Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesESSAY: Explain the significance of the title, To Kill a Mockingbird. The title To Kill a Mockingbird is very significant to the novel as it portrays many forms of mockingbirds throughout it. As the novel progresses, it becomes clear that Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are the true Mockingbirds of the story. They both are innocent from the accusations claimed upon them. When choosing the title of the novel, Harper Lee had to make sure it stood out but also was relevant to the storyRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United Arab Emirates1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthe UAE has created a dynamic entrepreneurial environment for international investors. The finan To Kill a Mockingbird, produced in 1962, is an exquisite film adored by many. This classic trial displayed drama and established a childhood innocence from the narration of an adult’s point-of-view, which captivates the viewers’ attention throughout the entire film. To Kill a Mockingbird uses dynamic historical references, narrative structure, and editing to contrast the problem of the racism andRead MoreLife Lessons In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay In this essay I will explain how three children named Scout, Jem, and Dill absorb some life lessons throughout the story. In this story two major things taught these kids life lessons, one of them would be Boo Radley a man who had his life stolen by his father who was a radical Christian, and the second would be the false rape charge against a black man named Tom Robinson. Also poverty and racism played a part too in teaching lessons. One of the biggest life lessonsRead MoreCritical Lens: to Kill a Mockingbird873 Words   |  4 PagesSammie Clemmey February 2, 2012 Critical Lens Essay - TKAM English 9 – Friedman To Kill a Mockingbird Critical Lens Essay â€Å"It takes a village to raise a child†, is an African Proverb. In other words, it can take more than just a child’s nuclear family to make her grow into who she will be as an adult. This lens is true because even though parents and siblings have a major effect on a child, and how they turn out later on in life, society and a child’s surrounding are whatRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill A Mockingbird Essay In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird a major theme is the loss of innocence. Whether from emotional abuse, racial prejudice or learning, Boo, Tom, and Scout all lose their innocence in one sense or another. The prejudice that each character endures leads to their loss. Through the responses of Boo, Tom, and Scout, Harper Lee shows how each character responded differently to their loss of innocence. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird the character of Boo Radley is theRead MoreAdversity In To Kill A Mockingbird Analysis701 Words   |  3 Pages In the Coming of Age novel To Kill A Mockingbird, the idea presented that adversity plays a vital role in shaping an identity. The Essay will be talking about three characters that are affected by adversity, how you know what affected them and what is their character shape? priding it does not cause you to trust anyone in the novel because they might not be what they seem. In To Kill A Mockingbird there is one character that never really changes in the novel is Atticus. Atticus

Writing Is An Essential Part Of Life - 1452 Words

Writing, it seems, is an essential part of life in our culture. It is prevalent throughout every stage of our lives. First appearing when we learn the skill in primary school, the responsibilities attached to some form of writing will not cease to continue through our high school years, our college years, and inevitably into our lives as working full functioning adults. Writing essays, research papers, emails, reports and reviews, writing even persists for most past retirement, only to ever end at the grave, and the final signing of ones will. While writing is nearly guaranteed to be an essential part in all of our lives, this does not mean that all writing performed by everyone is the same. Ones choice of profession has a major impact on the content of their future writing, both in the field and while earning the necessary degrees for entry into those fields. While lawyers and traditional businessmen write more practical assessments, and business briefs, and those in more literary fields may have their time consumed by writing thick literary analyses of great works of literature, I have chosen a field of study with some rather different writing requirements from traditional writing. The main type of writing in in the field of computer science is the coding assignments given to students as practical lessons in coding different types of programs in different languages. Along with coding computer science majors also gain experience writing ReadMe files, along with moreShow MoreRelatedCultural Elements Of Art And Literature Essay767 Words   |  4 PagesImagine a life without writing, and without art; it’s pretty grim isn’t it? Without these essential cultural components, life would be a sad place to live in, because no other cultural aspect would survive. The most essential cultural element is Arts and Literature, because art and literature transcend the other cultural aspects. Without arts and literature, you couldn’t have the rest of the cultural elements. Culture manifested itself with the aid of art and literature, without the help of writing or artRead MoreCulture And Identity ( Rough Draft ) Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesImagine a life without writing, and without art; it’s pretty grim isn’t it? Without these essential cultural components, life would be a sad place to live in, because no other cultural aspect would survive. The most essential cultural elements are Art and Literature, because art and literature lead into the other cultural aspects. Without arts and literature, you couldn’t have the rest of the cultural elements. Culture manifested itself with the aid of art and literature, without the help of writing orRead More The Skill of Writing Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesThe Skill of Writing Writing and reading are two essential skills that we need to have in order to succeed in any field of study that we have chosen. Without these two we would not be here, wouldn’t be writing right now and would be considered the lowest class of our society. There are different aspects of writing that each of us may, or may not, excel at. Some of us are creative enough to write short stories or even novels on fiction while others, like me, are better at writing essays. To accomplishRead MoreMy Personal Writing : The Importance Of Writing848 Words   |  4 PagesAs the years continue to pass, writing gains more importance and becomes unavoidable in our daily lives. Whether the task is to create a groundbreaking law or to verify one’s personal identity, one must write it down in ink or type it out on a computer. For me, writing has settled down as an important aspect of my life. If I’m not typing down an email for my classes or composing another article for the news letter committee at my high school, I’m writing down the fictional stories that wander aroundRead MoreLooking For Richard A Film By Al Pacino1251 Words   |  6 PagesChintan Thakore Ms. Naegele English II Honors 12 September 2014 Looking for Richard A Film by Al Pacino: Viewer’s Guide and Lesson Plan Activity 1 Part A. Before viewing Al Pacino’s film Looking for Richard, take some time to measure your attitudes and those of your friends and family about Shakespeare. For your own answers, use Column A below. Enter number 1 if you strongly agree with the statement, 2 if you agree somewhat, 3 if you disagree somewhat, and 4 if you strongly disagree. Then askRead MoreLearning And Using Knowledge Of The Writing Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom a high school writing class to a college level writing class. I felt my writing was above average, but writing was never one of my strong suits. (but was not one of my strong suits.) I had no way of knowing if my writing competency could hold up to college academic standards. I took Expository Writing with Professor James Brady. Over the semester, multiple learning objectives were learned through my essays. These learning objectives were subject matter knowledge, writing process knowledge, rhetoricalRead MoreI Am A Structured Writer1040 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic writing has always been a struggle for me. I was not consciously aware of how often I used English in my everyday life. Excluding essays, the other material I’ve written would be texts, emails, notes, lists, social media posts, calendar entries, comments, assignments, answering questions, ideas, questions I have, and thoughts. I deplore things out of order and with no clear meaning to them, which is what I thought of English for a long time. After a plethora of writing assignments, I beganRead MoreThe Agony Of Rejection From Friends, Family, Schools, And Jobs948 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"By the time I was fourteen †¦ the nail in my wall would no longer support the weight of the rejection slips impaled upon it. I replaced the nail with a spike and kept on writing.† This quote from Stephan King really hit me. The famous, successful man that we all know for his works â€Å"Carrie† or ‘The Shining†, had once been rejected. It’s crazy to think that someone so successful had once been struggling. Maybe I choose this quote because that’s how I’m feeling right now and the quote gives me someRead MoreWhat It Take to Be a Scholarly Writier Essay examples935 Words   |  4 Pages Scholarly writing is no different from all other writing, except, be side it having a purpose and having an audience like any other writings, scholarly writing is evidence-based (Laureate Education, 2012). It is important, since the scholar-practitioner write for a specific audience, that his or her material be free of personal opinion, assumption, and bias. When writing a scholarly material, a scholar-practitioner has to be objective in tone, write clearly, concise, produce a mechanically correctRead MoreEducation Is The Most Important Valuable Idea For Children892 Words   |  4 PagesThese basics are the foundation for the students’ education, and are essential for anything to be built upon. Without the essential foundation being built and mastered by students in the early grade levels, it would be nearly impossible for them to be able to build further education and be successful without it. Most school’s curriculum is rooted in a group of basic concepts and ideas. â€Å"These essential subjects are reading, writing, math, and science,† as stated by Bagley. (Figures, 2006). The base

History Of The Somalia History Essay Free Essays

The strategic geopolitical history of Somaliland non merely indicates its importance to the early African lands but has continued to so to this present twenty-four hours. It ‘s positioned in the centre of the Horn of Africa with an country of 637,540 square kilometres and is ideally located at the intersection non merely to merchandise paths, but to the gateway of antediluvian and modernizing Africa. Somali history day of the months back to the Paleolithic Age and Cave picture dating back to 9000 old ages BC has been recorded. We will write a custom essay sample on History Of The Somalia History Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its location with Djibouti to the North West, Kenya to the South, Gulf of Aden on the North, Indian Ocean to the E, and Ethiopia on the West has added to its significance. In malice of its strategic location it has, unlike other African states, no old history of conquering, and as such, provided ulterior European states an first-class chance to see other civilisations than their own- particularly those of African Kingdoms. Ancient Somalia is reported to hold had trading dealingss with many of the mercantile states during the in-between Ages, and as a effect positioned Africa as an of import continent in the ancient universe. Among others, cinnamon trade to Europe, particularly to the ancient universe of Rome and Greece was extremely valued. Most of the cinnamon was obtained from the East, particularly India. Furthermore since the Somali state consisted of several Sultanates, it remained cardinal to maritime and trading civilizations of that period. Known as the Kingdom of Punt in ancient times, it besides had close dealingss with other of import African lands particularly that of Egypt, Nubia and Ethiopia. As a effect, parts of Somali civilization and signifiers frequently resemble that of the pyramid-culture of Egypt and other near neighbours. Strongly influenced by the Arab civilization, this African society exhibits an extraordinary mixture of the two. Islam was brought to that portion of the universe around 825 A.D. Somalia ‘s position on the African continent was besides the consequence of its close relationship with the Ottoman and German Empires. With the rise of the Arab universe in the Middle East and its oil industry, Somalia continues to keep its importance within this industry. It besides remains influential in the Islamic universe, enabling Somali to go a member of the Arab League in 1974. This state has besides played an of import and outstanding function in the African Union which was formed really much in the tradition and design of the European Union. Education is extremely valued throughout Somalia although a higher instruction is still precedence. It has several universities with the University of Mogadishu considered to be one of the finest in the state but besides one of the best in Africa. Culturally, the Somalis are Muslims and as such traditional spiritual instruction is singularly of import so that it is taught at a quranic schools across the state. Muslim literature produced by the Somalis is besides good recognized in other parts of the Moslem universe and so is their music and vocals. Both the rural and urban societies are serviced through these spiritual schools. The development of Somali legal construction as a mixture of Roman Dutch jurisprudence and Sharia jurisprudence. Currently it exercises civil traditional knowledge, spiritual and traditional jurisprudence. Somalia consists of a figure of kin based independent provinces. Somali one time boasted of a healthy economic system within the formal and informal sector. Trade, commercialism, conveyance and international links all promised of progressive future.. All this indicated that Somali are quickly traveling towards a modernizing society. Most of the West ‘s transnational companies, for case the fabrication trade, multinationals and Bankss all have subdivisions in the chief metropoliss in Somalia Somalia has been rich in mineral resources and the recent discovery of significant oil militias has surged its position among the industrializing states whose demand for oil particularly in the thick of the Middle East crisis is holding a strong impact on its economic system. Somalia has the largest ground forces in Africa with 10,000 military personnels on the field. Somalia has near on to 2 million people and 85 % of them Somalis and the remainder belonging to others. Of these 34 % unrecorded in the metropoliss. Arabic is the official linguistic communication although English is spoken widely with some Italian. The Muslims belong to the Sunni religious order of Islam. Christianity is minority faith. When Imperialism swept over Africa for the last five or six centuries. It subjected the native people to ‘inferior position ‘ or 2nd category citizenship. Africans weary of the rough conditions the position brought on to them shortly began to foment. Clangs with Europeans became frequent, so much so the Imperialist states gathered at the Berlin Conference in 1913 where the Western states decided to carve out certain parts of Africa among themselves as ‘guardians ‘ . These imperial states, particularly the Portuguese, Britain, France, Germany and Italy were on the top of the list. One of the unintended effects of such an act was to witness the outgrowth of release groups, patriotism and people prosecuting in the ‘freedom and release battles ‘ across the continent. Muhammad Abdullah Hassan, a Dervish leader sent a clarion call across Africa to defy the British and end their rising influence. He was one of the early African leaders, to name for integrity and independency. Swept by the influences of decolonisation and release battles across Africa, Somalia provided unqualified support to the African National Congress of South Africa. Somalia in the interim besides had strong ties with Muslim states and with their Muslim establishments. Hassan, furthermore as a Dervish leader, with his long experience with the British and Italian schemes of warfare, organized and disciplined his Somali ground forces, both in their ability in land conflicts and fleet retreats utilizing the terrain, with the consequence he defeated a well-trained British ground forces. In 1920 nevertheless, with the debut of aeroplanes into the battlegrounds, the British were able to get the better of the Somali ground forces eventually. There after Somalia became a associated state of the British Empire. The Italians fared no better than the British in the beginning merely because the Somalis non merely had the advantage of the terrain, but the ‘brotherhood ‘ within the Somalis and their commitment to the Sultanate, provided their soldiers extra inducements during war against their enemy. They, nevertheless could non, in ulterior old ages, match the ground forcess of the Italians under the Fascist control in 1927. Benito Mussolini, the Italian Fascist leader in 1935 attacked Abyssinia ( Ethiopia ) in the tradition of and go oning the bequest of imperialism and colonisation, but this clip the League of Nations ( which subsequently became the United Nations ) condemned the invasion. Little was done thenceforth to halt the business. In around 1941 the British stationed in Kenya with the coaction certain kins of the Sultanate, accompanied by East, West, and North African military personnels under the bid of the British attacked the British held Somalia and Italian Ethiopia and defeated them. Britain ruled both parts and was subsequently granted associated state position, but the United Nation transferred the trust territory of Italian held Somalia, back to Italians. It was during the trusteeship period that the Somalis entered into the structural model of Western political and international policy devising. But in the procedure the Imperializing states were consuming the economic wealth of Somalia. At times the British collaborated with Ethiopia in keeping the hegemony over Somalia, all of which did non get away the assorted patriot motions which were emerging in assorted parts of the state. Djibouti ‘s ( Gallic Somaliland ) independency in 1958 showed Somalia the switching geopolitics taking topographic point in the country. But the referendum held in Djibouti nevertheless showed that the people had decided to ally themselves to France instead than Somalia. Somalia itself gained its independency in 1960, and formed the post- colonial province. Unfortunately for the state at this clip the legion groups each wanted a portion in the authorities? The hierarchy and power of the colonial system was now transferred to the new authorities. Rather than concentrate on the structural development of the state the authorities bureaucratism began to concentrate on personal power and wealth. Many of the new authorities functionaries were chosen from the South and the Northerners felt left out and regional inequalities became the norm. 18 Parties participated in the first station colonial national elections in 1964 amidst accusal of corruptness and fraud. The Somali Youth League, a Somali National Congress, and the Somali Democratic Union, united to organize a strong block within the authorities. And unstable Somalia began to emerge for the following several old ages. Abdullah Osman Daar became its first president. Power battle continued, and eventually in 1969 a military putsch installed General Said Barre as President. Barre ‘s authorities introduced several new societal plans particularly in instruction, but otherwise parliamentary democracy seemed to endure from internal discord. On October 15, 1969 President Abdirachii Ali Shermaarke was assassinated by a constabulary head. At the beginning, General Said Barres ‘s Supreme Revolutionary Council was welcomed by the multitudes of people. There was a belief amongst the population that Somalia would now hold a stable authorities. Barre promoted what he called ‘scientific socialism ‘ as an political orientation for his state. Notwithstanding his political rhetoric, Somalis shortly began to see expropriation and corruptness which was bulwark during the imperialist times. Internal corruptness and favouritism shortly characterized Barre ‘s authorities. Clan competitions and divide and regulation policies besides weakened the authorities. The concluding straw came when the military authorities sent military personnels to Ethiopia. The Soviet Union had been providing weaponries to both sides. The Ethiopians successfully repulsed the Somalia ground forces. By 1980 the Somali authorities was losing its credibleness and at the same clip an economic crisis, particularly with the diminution of trade and of the lowering of oil monetary values added to the despairing internal crisis. Somalis besides noticed under Barres authorities the National Security Courts were set up outside the legal system and straight under the control of the executive whose power came from the military. Any offense considered as a ‘threat ‘ to the national security as defined by the ‘state ‘ was considered a offense. Although this was eventually abolished, and Somalia are still governed by pre-1991 penal codification. Civil war broke out in 1991. Northern Somaliland declared independency and in January 1, 1991 President Ali Madhi Mohamed of the United Somali Congress who had joined the Manifesto Group was made interim President. The rival groups shortly united and refused to acknowledge Muhammad as their leader and president. Throughout the 90s Somalia experienced civil struggles and warfare ensuing in nutrient deficits, devastation of labour and general disruption within the economic system and public assistance. Some 330,000 civilians were at hazard of decease and famishment when Andrew Natsios, the caput of the US bureau for International Development ‘ said before Congress, ‘that Somalia was the greatest human-centered exigency in the universe ‘ . ‘For some clip international perceivers allowed Somalia to disintegrate and it was merely subsequently when the state collapsed into lawlessness did the United Nations send peacekeeping forces. United Nations peace forces were sent into Somalia through the United States. The Security Council set up their UN operation in Somalia ( UNOSOM ) but the UN forces came under onslaught. In 1983 the United Nations human-centered aid chiefly given to the South did non sufficiently alleviate the crisis. The UN aid ceased chiefly due to the casualties suffered to its forces. The EU besides sent assistance to the concept the port at the Berbera. European NGO ‘s besides sent to assistance and aid to several parts of Somaliland. Both the United States authorities under President Bush in the UN Security Council worked together with leaders in Somalia. The United Nations eventually managed to acquire the seniors and leaders at a conference at the Royal Palace in Addis Ababa. Unfortunately the peace dialogues failed and the Civil War continued. The Transitional parliament adopted the federal charter in 2004. In 2006 the southern portion of the state came under the influence of the Islamists who established an Islamic Court to work aboard civil governments. Several parts of the state have declared ‘ independency ‘ and are controlled by warlords. The transitional federal authorities with the aid of the UN reestablished its control over the district but this has remained fragile to this twenty-four hours. How to cite History Of The Somalia History Essay, Essay examples

Political Communication Essay Example For Students

Political Communication Essay Politics and the media have long been intimately involved with each other, with media strongly setting an agenda in which politics is very important. (Harris 1999,p.167) Our perceived reality of the real world is largely a product of the media. (Harris 1999,p.186) It is not known which influences more but there are definitely two sides to the story. Many studies have been done to decide but each comes out with different answers. Many say that the media has more of an impact on politics than does politics on the media. The two have always been natural adversaries. Skewering each other in print and in conversation, but generally enjoying each others company. (Forum) It is the role of the mass media to keep the general public informed and up to date with current news and events in their community, state, country, and around the world. In politics the media can either build or damage a political figure by changing the publics opinion. Many people depend heavily on television as their sou rce of information where they see or hear about political issues, events, and policies because television is the single most powerful medium of global communication and nightly newscasts are the most frequently watched source of information for the public. (Forum) The mass media is everywhere we turn, from television sets, to airwaves, to print, and even the Internet. In their role, are they actually giving us the right message or is it a rumor, which you often see in tabloids in which it is created just to sell? 75% of the public believes that the top priority of the media is to find and report important information on public issues. Approximately 18% say that it is to give readers and viewers what they ask for. Less than 6% say that it should be for profit. (Forum) The Forum Magazine (September 1994) also discussed a survey done by Kees, a former executive editor of The Fresno Bee, and Phillips former chief of staff of the Republican National Committee. The survey results found ma ny accusations were made about the media. They were more interested in sensationalism than issue, they were political insiders who cant report fairly, they didnt understand the real issues facing the country, they underestimate the publics taste, and they conspire to disgrace politicians. On the other hand the survey also accused the politicians of wrongful doings. It was stated that they waste taxpayers money on perks, listen to consultants and not the public, listen to the public only when running for office, gain support by promising jobs, and become corrupt. In this situation both have been affected. The media frames many issues, which are the central organizing idea for making sense of relevant events, and suggesting what is at issue. News and information has no basic value unless implanted in a meaningful context, which organizes and provides it with logic. It shapes the way the public understands the cause and the solutions to political problems. (London) The Media also sets the agenda. Many believe that this is against the democratic process. They determine what people believe to be important issues. When the media focuses on a problem, the publics opinions on that problem then become altered and this is also true for the president. The president reacts by responding to changes in attention to the media. The media has a strong influence on the policy agenda of public officials. The publics familiarity with political matters is closely related to the amount and extent of their attention to certain issues received in the mass media. (Edwards 1999, p.328) From this one can say that the media does in fact have the winning hand. They may not be successful us what to think, but they are successful in telling us what to think about. (London) Television coverage can affect many attitudes of the public on the importance of certain issues so it should be quite important to public officials to put those on their agenda. The president is also said to be the agenda setter. No other single actor can focus attention as clearly, or change the motivations of such a great number of others, as the president. (Edwards 1999, p.327) Yet others believe that it is the way in which his overall agenda is presented to the public and that is done by the media. There is still argument for both sides but leaning more towards the media. Presidential elections, campaigns, and policies have always been important in the media and to the public. The media creates a political world that is the basis of the publics knowledge and the later behavior, such as voting for the president or any public official. The themes and issues that are repeated in the media become important to viewers. Those that are highlighted become especially influential when it comes to choosing a candidate. The media affects evaluations of presidents. Presidential approval is strongly influenced by how the media portrays the candidate to the public. For example, during the Gulf War, George Bush received bad publicity based on his performance with the war even though his prior economic performance was exceptional. (Edwards 1999, p329) The values in which people used to evaluate him on were influenced by what the media had to say. Particular televised political advertising, televised candidate events. And news articles also affect the preferences and opinions of the voters. For example, Bob Dole in the 1996 election. His age arose early from the media. During the primary election, over 800 news stories dealt with Doles age. His medical examinations were brought to attention by the media. Televised networks covered a lot about his age during his 73rd birthday. This just goes to show that the media were wrong in conveying an appropriate understanding of the issues involved. The media did not fully understand the implications behind electing a senior citizen and if they did it was not brought to the publics attention, as it should have been. Age was not seen as affecting his behavior, analytic ability, concentration, and memory. (Abrams 1998,p.481) It is not truly known whether his age would have been a matter of consequence in the election, but the media certainly didnt help it out any. Campaign information affects voters issue preferences, candidate evaluations, and the likelihood of voting. Exposure, reception, and acceptance all play a role in this gathering of campaign information and in the voter perception. Exposure involves one physical proximity to a message. Reception involves actually getting or taking in a message. Lastly acceptance involves allowing the information contained within the message to influence ones preference, opinion, or attitude. (Shaw 1999,p.347) The more campaign ads seen and the amount of campaigning covered also has a greater effect on the voter turnout and the information gathered about the candidates and the issues. Campaigns are used to prime the voters perceptions of politics a nd their candidate preferences. To a considerable degree the art of politics in a democracy is the art of determining which issue dimensions are of major interest to the public or can be made salient in order to win public support. (London )Many times the media often bring up the worst in a public official or candidate as seen by that of Bob Dole. They cover low salient issues that are irrelevant to everyday life and also overplay or cover the issue too much. Another example is with the Texas Governor, George W. Bush. The main issue on the medias mind was the rumor of his past cocaine use. They should have been covering his views on Social Security, HealthCare Reform, Russia , and the Middle-east. Only 7% of the major three evening newscasts during August dealt with politics. Half of the stories were dealing with Bush and his use in his younger age and Clintons marriage. The media should be filling in to the publics knowledge the political issues at stake and who is likely to be the next president of the United States of America. (Kalb 1999, p.h2) Coverage of a political event or campaign also plays a significant role in the eye of the public and also to the candidate. Candidates who do well will receive more attention from the news mediaactive candidates will receive more coverage. The greater the activity by a candidate, the more likely the candidate will receive more coverage. (Haynes 1998,p.420) News coverage and their input to the publics information environmental environment in presidential campaigns are very critical in determining the outcome of the election. Elections are influenced by two factors. The first being the strength and political skills of the incumbent and the second being the interpretation of the incumbents performance by the mass media, particularly television. A study was taken during the 1996 presidential election race between Bill Clinton and Bob Dole. Clinton regained positive news coverage by the major television newscasts by battl ing with Dole over Medicare and the United States budget. This event was covered live by the media and displayed to the public in an encouraging manner in favor of Bill Clinton which in turn strengthened Clintons political image in the eye of the voters. Many news stories came about depicting Clinton as the strong incumbent and it proved successful with an easy victory over Dole in the 1996 election. (Dover 1998,p.47) As seen here the mass media coverage does structure voters opinions about their political leaders. Many domestic and foreign policy issues are affected by the media in which are brought to the politicians. These domestic issues consist of education, healthcare, poverty, and crime. The foreign policy issues at hand are the Russian relations, terrorism, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Crime and terrorism has a high interest value among humans. Sensitive to contextual cues when they reason about national affairs. Their explanations of issues like terrorism or poverty are c ritically dependent upon the particular reference points furnished in media presentations. (Iyengar 1987,p.828) It is an important issue among the media because all people are concerned with there safety. It will be put on the agenda because there are strong incentives for the media and for the politicians, which are to gain mass appeal and to facing the public in elections. (Edwards 1999,p.341)There have also been an increasing number of women running for public office and gender has now become a common ground for the news media about certain voters, candidates, leaders, and issues. The question is whether or not the media advances or holds back womens participation in politics. Many news stories about politics tend to be presented in masculine terms, but there is good news, women receive about the same amount of news coverage as men in comparable positions. Over the years the number of women in the mass media has increased. There are many more women journalists, which has resulted in expanded coverage of womens issues and women as public officials. By publicizing and raising certain issues, this has helped women candidates gain credibility and support among voters. (Pippa 19-41)The Media Dependency Theory is very important to think about when it comes to political communication. The three main aspect of the theory are the Social system, Media system, and the Audience. The three lead up to and produce the last aspect which is the Effect or what the final product. The social system, which is the government, has goals that have to be met and they are publicity and support. There resources are public funds and legislation. The media system, which is television, newspaper, radio, etc., also has goals which are to make money through the public. Their resources consist of gathering information and dispersing it to the public. The audience is the public like you and me. Our goals are to acquire news, entertainment, and education. Our resources are money and notes. A ll of these are dependent upon one another through each of their goals and resources. They all affect one another, but some more than others. Each one needs the other in order to create the Effect. Due to our democratic government and free speech the media can basically due almost anything they want as long as it abides by the FCC. The FCC is the governments approach to regulate the media. They censor what is broadcasted on television and over the radio. Under the president and the senate, five commissioners are appointed to the job. How much that can be regulated is minimal. In Summary, the media has a huge and particular impact on society and politics. The media does a lot to set the policy agenda and influence how the public and those in political office understand it. Politicians not only use the media to influence us viewers, but are themselves influenced by it. The media affects our every day ways of thinking, our intentions, and our norms. What they see as important, we do al so. Therefore answering in my opinion, the news media sets the agenda for what is important. ReferencesAbrams, H. Brody, R. (1998). Bob Doles age and health in the 1996 election: Did the media let us down? Political Science Quarterly. 113. 471-491. Drugs and athletes EssayDomke, D., McCoy, K. ; Torres, M. (1999, October). News media, racial perceptions, and political cognition. Communication Research. 26. 570-607. Dover, E. (1998). The presidential election of 1996: Clintons incumbency and television. Westport, CT: Praeger. Edwards, G. (1999, June). Who influences whom? The president , congress, and the media. American Political Science Review. 93. 327-342. Harris, R. (1999). A cognitive psychology of mass communication. Makwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Haynes, A. Murray, S. (1998, October). Why do the media cover certain candidates more than others. American Political Science Quarterly. 26. 420-438. Iyengar, S. (1987, September). Television news and citizens explanations of national issues. American Poltical Science Review. p.828. Jacques, W. ; Ratzan, S. (1997, August). The Internets worldwide web and political accountability. American Behavioral Scientist. 40. 1226-1237. Kalb, M. Sullivan, A. (1999, September 12). News media give politics short shrift. Greensboro News Record. p.h2. Kiousis, S. (1999, August). Candidate image attributes. Communication Research. 36. 414-428. London, S. (1999). How the media frames political issues. Pippa, N. (1996) Women, media, and politics. Oxford University. Shaw, D. (1999, June). The effect of tv ads and candidate appearances on statewide presidential votes, 1988-96). American Political Science Review. 93. 345-361. The love-hate relationship between politicians and the news media. (1994, September). The Forum Magazine.

Maguindanao massacre free essay sample

The Maguindanao massacre, violent as it already was, is a source of more violence. But the task of helping bridge groups and transcending biases of tribes and of roles in society (military vis-à  -vis CSOs) have been a source of energy for us to continue our peacebuilding work. Balay Mindanaw as an institution is steadfast in its vision of peace even with the changes in the political and peace terrain in Mindanao. The work we are doing in Maguindanao may seem to have stretched Balay Mindanaw’s scope but it did not. It only gave us an opportunity to be flexible and proactive in our peacebuilding work. The limited funds has not been a hindering factor, nor is the lack of capacity to do widen our scope. The will as an institution to do what needs to be done is key in this experience of continually bridging people and groups towards building relationships among those who have been victims of violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Maguindanao massacre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The massacre’s impact on me is very personal, even if I have been involved in this as a staff. This experience enabled me to be trusting – to my mentors and to the process itself, and to myself. I know that the GWPG’s composition is so diverse that one need to be sensitive in dealing with issues such as death, oppression, violations, roles, power, biases, discrimination; which could emit emotions like anger, remorse, disgust, self-pity, doubts; and produces reactions like defensiveness, timidity, aggressiveness. This journey hit me real hard as OP Kors! graduates bombarded me, through text messages, with questions. â€Å"Bok, why did you let me be here!?† â€Å"Aren’t you my mentor?† â€Å"Ano na ang gagawin ko?† (What should I do now?). They have questioned my sincerity in being a peace builder. These questions shook me and made me shout till I cried out loud, and said to myself: â€Å"Hey, I am just a trainer, not your supervisor!† Yet, after honest conversations and continued communications, the succeeding messages – like â€Å"No more gunshots for three days, I am already with the imams.† â€Å"Salamat pala sa pagbisita at sa kape at tsokolate, bok.† (Thank you for the visit, the coffee and chocolates, pal.) – were reaffirming of my value as a trainer. It was also only in this journey that I heard reassuring words from both Moro activists and the military. Bapa Sammy, for instance, said: â€Å"Kung hindi lang  dahil sa Balay Mindanaw, di ako makipag-usap sa mga military† (If not only because of Balay Mindanaw, I will not be talking with the military). Lt Col Benjie Hao, on the other hand, told me: â€Å"Balay Mindanaw ang nagtulak sa amin na makipag-usap sa mga CSOs, kaya walang iwanan! (Balay Mindanaw has pushed us to engage with the CSOs, hence, we shouldn’t leave each other out in the cold.) These encouraging words affirmed the value of Balay Mindanaw’s efforts in bridging peoples for the quest of peace.

Globalization Coca Cola Essay Example

Globalization Coca Cola Essay Example Globalization Coca Cola Essay Globalization Coca Cola Essay Globalization describes the proliferate synthesis of the world’s economic, political, technological and socio-cultural systems through the liberalization of international trade and investment or the reduction of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, import quotas and other related import and export restrictions. Globalization has allowed a greater establishment of goods, services, wealth and society development throughout the world, however, its implications such as the unequal distributions of income and employment opportunities due to outsourcing methods to derive relative unit labour costs and the constant company and government power struggles is becoming an increasing cause for concern. Nevertheless, companies continue to expand and develop and take advantage of globalization, which is considered to be an historic trend and an inevitable evolution process. The Coca Cola Company is a prominent, American Multinational beverage company that constitutes its own product manufacturing, distributing and marketing efforts in over 200 countries worldwide. The company that is best known for its bellwether beverage, Coca Cola, was established as The Coca Cola Company in 1889 by Asa Candler and has presently, collaborated with approximately 300 bottling partners throughout the world. It offers 500 brands of products including of diet beverages, sports drinks, teas coffees and juices. : Coca Cola is considered to be one of the biggest brands in the world and the company, one of the world’s first global companies. The influence and impact of globalization on The Coca Cola Company was crucial for the company’s success as statistics prove that presently, 70 percent of the company’s income is propagated through non local operating territories. As a consequence of globalization, the Coca Company has capitalized on many opportunities and experienced many backlashes. When the Coca Cola syrup was created by pharmacist, John Pemberton in 1886, citizens of the United States were delighted and enthusiastic by the new product that was distributed from a cola fountain. As the demand for the product grew John sold the exclusive rights for the product to salesman, Asa Griggs Candler, who began developing the product as a brand. Asa Candler began to introduce Coca Cola throughout the United States by developing marketing strategies such as offering coupons and merchandise with the Coca Cola logo. This strategy soon made coca cola to be available and consumed in every state of the United States. Subsequently, because of the exceedingly increasing demand for the beverage new measures had to be established to distribute the product to reach all their customers. In the year 1894 coca cola was put into bottles that allowed the product portability. Large scale bottle manufacturing activities was then initiated after statistics had proven that the bottled coca cola sales surpassed the fountain sales. The new bottling innovation along with continuous marketing strategies took the company to the global stage and the coca cola beverage was now bottled in Cuba, Panama and Canada. The exclusive right to sell the product was then sold to lawyers, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead whom had to please their exceedingly expanding consumer base as the company was now an international company. Globalization of Coca Cola’s operations allowed the organization to serve a greater variety of consumers that contributed to a great increase in demand however it also affected the company negatively as it also spurred competition. Joseph and Benjamin began implementing and delegating new methods to safeguard their product such as advertising to consumers to demand the authentic coca cola and to refuse substitutes. They also gave the coca cola beverage a new feature, they distributed the beverage in a contour glass bottle that can be recognized anywhere by consumers and this advancement brought new life to the company. The new design allowed the company to further expand globally. The company was also able to utilize outsourcing methods to achieve cheaper labour and machinery costs to enhance the company’s profitability. The company then began distributing its flagship product to Puerto Rico, France and other foreign countries. By the year 1900-1920 the Coca Cola Company had established about 1000 plants worldwide from only 2 plants initially. One can observe how the competitive forces and increasing demand, as a result of globalization, basically forced the company to become more innovative and creative subsequently resulting in better and reinforced marketing strategies as well as an new and more appealing and distinctive image for the product that positively impacted the profitability of the company. However if the company did not respond to the new pressures of the global environment they may have experienced a lesser demand for their product and lose competitive advantage due to the fact that fellow competitors would be given an opportunity to move in on their market share. This would have severely impacted the success of the companies in a negative way as the company would be losing customers thereby losing revenue and profits. So it can be said that a global business environment requires a company that must be able to survive susceptible changes. These susceptible changes are triggered because of the continuous change in consumer needs and wants that is mainly generated by advance the continuous progression of globalization. To survive these susceptible changes companies must consistently derive new innovations and new ideas to keep up with their constantly changing consumer needs. As the world began interconnecting more globally because of technological, political, educational and corporate advancement mainly because of social and cultural preferences beginning to become more similar, new doors began to open for the corporate world to strategize their global operations and recognition. In 1923 Robert Woodruff who was then the president of the company utilized the Olympic Games as an international foundation for the company. The company sponsored the United States team which allowed coca cola to further be recognized on highly publicized international stage. During this event, Robert Woodruff began to introduce new inventions, these inventions were the six pack carrier case, a vending machine and new fountain dispensers with a bell shaped glasses. The games assisted to spur new innovations within the global environment on a more recognized stage thereby further impacting the success and growth of the company. Again as globalization progressed changes in innovations were needed inorder to secure and expand market share, reinforce competitive advantage and please the changing demands of international consumers. Becoming an international company means that one would be serving an international market therefore consumers will have different preferences and with coca cola continuing to derive new methods to distribute their product in different ways consumers will now have a variety of ways to enjoy the product, subsequently this would allow more options for consumer to be pleased therefore attracting more customers and expanding market share. The Coca Cola Company continued to reinvent its marketing strategies to grasp international attention and appeal. They added a new shorter trademark name entitled ‘coke’ to the beverage. This new ‘name’ was responded to with mix reviews as some international bodies slammed the name because it was the same shortened name used for the illicit substance cocaine. Being a growing international success, the changes conducted by company would be more highlighted in the global spotlight due to organizations watchdogs and similar corporations, therefore a greater reaction would be accompanied by the change. In this case the reaction was a controversial one that can negatively affect the image of the company . Consumers were now hesitant to use the new ‘name’ nevertheless, coca cola responded to this matter by creating a young character entitled the ‘Sprite boy’ to promote the new trademark for the product, and even though the criticism pursued statistics have proven that the word ‘coke’ presently is one of the most popular words utilized in the English vocabulary today, so obviously the marketing tactics devised and implemented by the company was victorious. By devising this strategy consumers felt more comfortable with the change and therefore acknowledged the new innovation at ease. As the international success of the company expanded, Woodruff continued to use the arising global opportunities to his advantage. World War 2 had now commenced and Woodruff made the beverage available to all service people in uniform at a cheaper price this allowed the beverage to be purchased in massive amounts during the war which then allowed the company to the opportunity to create 64 additional bottling plants inorder to provide for United States military and service personnel in international countries. This laid the most important international foundation that increased the international market of the company. Most people got to experience their first taste of the beverage for the first time ever this led to business boom after the war for the company. When the war subsided the company capitalized on its new foundation by using advertisements that promoted coca cola as the beverage that can suit any lifestyle and that can bring happiness to one’s life and relieve post war stress. This once again led to a desire for more innovative measures to be established to distribute its product to its consumers and as a result this led to the invention of the ‘coke in cans’. Coke in cans further extended the company’s market share and with the company’s global success progressing substantially, more coca cola manufacturing plants were established in other foreign countries. Globalization also allowed more varied beverage manufacturing companies to penetrate the beverage market. Consumers therefore developed a need for a variety of beverages such as juices, coffees, teas, sports and health drinks etc. This new demand was necessitated by new companies who influenced the desires of the customers by creating further beverage innovations. Coke therefore decided to develop other brands and types of beverages besides its bellwether beverage to reinforce its competitiveness and increase its consumer base in the beverage manufacturing market. The company began producing a carbonated beverage called Sprite, a diet drink called Tab and a coffee entitled Georgia Coffee Original. These new products allowed the enterprise to establish plants in China. The company was the first company ever permitted to sell packaged cold drinks in China bringing the total number of countries that Coca Cola distributes its products to 163. In the 1980’s the CEO of coca cola decided to further strategize the operations of the company in order to improve and extend its operations in a methodology that would increase profitability by organizing the various United States bottling organizations into a public company entitled Coca Cola Enterprises international. The company also introduced another successful beverage on the market, ‘diet coke’ to appease the needs of health conscious consumers. With globalization becoming more persistent throughout years, Coca Cola Company decided to reconstruct the taste of its product coca cola to establish a competitive advantage. Consumers responded to this change negatively and the company had to revert to its original recipe. However its success was not halted as the company continued to collaborate with more international sporting events such as the Fifa World Cup and the Rugby World Cup. The company also started producing other beverages such as Powerade sports drink, Vitamin Water, Fanta and Dasani bottled water. The company also bought the popular juice manufacturing company, Minute Maid and extended its product line. Proceeding into the early 2000’s coke began to experience severe global backlashes. The ingredients utilized in the company’s product recipe became a major concern to consumers, mainly the high fructose corn syrup, as researchers linked lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, dental erosion, strokes, hypertension and osteoporosis to the prolong use of coke’s products. Activists also accused coke’s products of being addictive because of the level of caffeine and other chemicals utilized in the recipe along with the aggressive marketing strategies, researchers even linked the advertisement schedule of the company to the cause for the increase in child obesity. The advertisements for the organizations Vitamin Water product was lso slammed as being misleading as the recipe utilized for the product was not at all healthy. The increase of health conscious behavior was as a result of globalization. Despite coke having substantial experience with the susceptible changing global environment the company failed to establish efforts to appease the demands of t he ‘new’ health conscious era of consumers that ultimately led to this backlash. Consumers were also becoming more environmentally friendly and coke’s damaging environmental impacts such as the polluting of the atmosphere and destruction of agriculture became more prominent to the public eye. The enterprise responded to this new change in consumer behavior by establishing plastic, semi recycled bottles and utilizing transportation that was less destructive to the atmosphere. Coke already had formatted and practiced glass recycling that cut the company’s production costs but this practice only became recognized during this era. It is therefore understood, that with the cultural changes of consumer behaviors that consumers expect corporate establishments to also care about what they proclaim to be morally right. One consumer behavior also initiates a progressive change among society causing the society to adapt and expect the same care to be considered and assisted by corporations whom they purchase from. So businesses must take the concerns of customers into consideration to fully please their consumers. Allegations have also surfaced of questionable, practices constituted by the company. The company was believed to have been involved in a series of assassinations of trade union advocates. It is alleged that paramilitary personnel were hired by Coke to reprimand the advocates which ultimately resulted in their deaths. This allegation seriously affected the image of the company and market share was now on the verge of declining. Coca Cola was also accused of attempting to monopolize the beverage market and therefore incurred a lawsuit that in turn led to restructuring of the company’s competitive efforts that was not as successful as their previous efforts therefore decreasing their competitive advantage and allowing more competitors to capitalize on their market share. Consequently, these events resulted in multiple lawsuits being filed against the enterprise and motivated activists to implement boycotting actions. These activities received major international support and coca cola products were subsequently banned from several universities. The multinational organization responded to the boycotting activities by simply denying any wrongdoing on the company’s part and defending themselves in court. This was realistically a weak approach to such a serious situation that presently continues to negatively affect the company’s image. If boycotting actions prolong, this will negatively affect the company’s market share resulting in demand and profit declines. Ultimately, as the health conscious behaviors continue to develop an additional pressure would be exerted on the company and as discussed before if the company continues to deny the concerns of consumers the company would lose their customers and eventually have to eradicate its operations due to substantial losses. The Coca Cola Company being a beverage manufacturing company is governed and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. As consumers concerns of the health risks associated with ingredients utilized by coke continues to accelerate, these concerns can influence the FDA to ban such ingredients thus affecting the company’s operations. Additionally, with environmental concerns persisting to exist the eventual, forbiddance of specific types of manufacturing plants such as smelters and glass refining plants in certain international territories can also impact the company. International environmental change will also allow further opportunities and threats to be uncovered by companies. Climate Change is an intensifying actualization that will continue to impact the entire world. It is estimated that the future will bring warmer temperatures, with a warmer climate there would be a greater demand for cold beverages and also for Corporate Social Responsibility efforts to save the wildlife and societies that thrives on colder temperatures. The economic recession may even get worst and new methods would have to be established to allow the company to reduce costs inorder to enhance profitability and provide affordable prices for consumers. The Coca Cola Company being the successful business venture can use its marketing strengths and international operating experience to enhance its operations and eliminate current difficulties. The company possesses strengths such as large financial bases and loyal consumers. The company however must first respond to boycotts by giving an international ambiguous and detailed briefing of the events that inspired the boycotts. The company must also include in their briefing, methods that would be establish to discontinue consumer health and environmental concerns associated with the company’s operations and products. The company must also meet with distraught trade unions and the murdered victims’ families to discuss the existing issues. This would allow the company to be respected and thereby contributing to the recovery of the company’s image. The company must then launch research activities to obtain healthier recipes that would allow the same great taste to please the consumers. To replace the high fructose corn syrup the company can outsource cane sugar from Indonesia at an affordable price that would not increase the cost of the company this would allow the exemption of the fructose syrup and replacing it with a healthier substitute. Other unhealthy ingredients can also be replaced with affordable outsourced substitutes that would provide the same taste. If the company refuses to change the formula, an invention that can reduce the effect of the unhealthy ingredients such as a simple powder to sprinkle in the beverage before consuming that would eliminate or decrease the effects of the caffeine and other health risky ingredients can be manufactured and made available to consumers this will bring additional revenue to the company and appease health conscious customers. The company can also capitalize on this health conscious effect by developing a new and affordable 100% healthy juice made from real fruit and vegetables to appease health conscious consumers. Increased labour outsourcing methods combined with ingredient outsourcing products may also derive a cheaper relative unit labour cost that can accommodate more affordable prices to consumers during the progression of the global recession. Coca Cola must also focus more on environmental friendly policies by installing filters in all smoke exhausts and contributing to agriculture by initiating a tree planting program and also educating the public on how to recycle appropriately. Their products must also be packaged and branded with ecofriendly packaging. Coke must also introduce and develop new methods to distribute its products in case of smelters and glass manufacturing processes being abolished in the future. Coke can invent new technologies such as portable product dispensers that are long lasting and ecofriendly. In the event of severe climate change, the organization can constitute donation funds that can allow its customers to donate to efforts to devise methods such as advertising educational programs that states the steps one can take to take a stand against decrease the process of climate change such as eliminating the use of products containing CFC’s and limiting burning isposal efforts and upgrading to ecofriendly products. These advertisements can also highlighlights the company’s engineered ecofriendly packaged products. The company should also pioneer new products that would provide a cooling comfort to societies experiencing a warmer climate and warmer products that would comfort societies experiencing c older climates.

Why the US and China Are the Most Suitable Countries for Montar Essay - 1

Why the US and China Are the Most Suitable Countries for Montar Vehicles - Essay Example Such technology for the driver would include rear and front camera, automatic aid reversing the passenger are able to watch movies in surround sound whilst drinking their preferred beverage ‘ice cold’ from the drinks cooler provided. Executive options can be added for chauffeur driven styles like the hand-stitched leather upholstery, wooden oak glazed interior, making it a direct competitor to the existing high-end luxury car vehicles that are well established. The price range for these vehicles will be between  £100,000-  £350,000 depending on the car chosen, with the lower boundary competing with car brands Mercedes-Benz, BMW & Audi whilst the upper price boundaries will compete with the likes of Bentley, Maybach and Rolls Royce. To appreciate the high-price, high-end range of Monster vehicles, the customer must have a certain sensibility and regard for finer things. The customer will typically belong to the affluent class of society and will have a taste for exclusive, expensive things. He will also understand that driving a certain vehicle bespeaks a lot about a person’s individuality, preferences and personality. The Monster 2 door coupe and the 4 door saloon is a vehicle that would be aimed at the high net worth individuals that have the purchasing power to enjoy such a vehicle. The coupe is aimed at the younger members of the affluent class, aged between 18 and 35, who are looking for the classier driving experience. They have great-looking possessions, successful and happening lives and similar social circles to move in. On the other hand, the more prudent saloon is seen more like a chauffeur driven vehicle for the extremely wealthy, senior-level professionals and businessmen. The classy exterior would appease their aesthetic sensibilities and the comfortable, first-class interior would allow the passengers to travel in comfort. The target audience comprises of individuals who already own chauffeur driven vehicles like the Rolls Royce Phantom.  

Human Nature in studies of philosophers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Nature in studies of philosophers - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present the issue of human nature using studies of different philosophers. Distinguished Chinese philosopher of ancient era Mencius (372-289 BCE) strongly believes in the innate goodness of human nature, which humans inherit from their ancestors. It is therefore he vehemently advocates in favor of following the life patterns of the ancestors in order to achieve perfection in their character and personality ultimately. Moreover, according to him, if humans are provided with adequate education and training, their qualities could further be polished and improved. However, Hsà ¼n Tzu (298-238 BCE) does not find righteousness in human nature. On the contrary, he is of t.he view that human nature is evil and can be improved through socialization. Another eminent philosopher of ancient times, named Kao Tzu (420-350 BCE), aptly acknowledged to be one of the most talented thinkers in the history of China, refutes both the above-mentioned doctrines, and decl ares human nature as clean slate, which studies and follows only what it observes being practiced by others in its social and natural environment. Thus, human nature is neither good nor bad altogether, according to Kao Tzu, and follows the same which is taught to it. Eminent 19th century German philosopher Georg Hegel (1770—1831) has also made a comparative analysis of the doctrines presented by Hsun Tzu and Mencius while elucidating the concepts of innate evil and innate goodness respectively. Somehow, Hegel seeks further wisdom in both these theses, where both these doctrines serve as thesis and antithesis to each other. Hegel declares goodness and evil as occasional in nature and scope due to the very reality that absolute righteousness or complete wrong-doings do not prevail in any part of the globe. In other words, no one can be stated as completely sublime and righteous or absolutely monstrous and obnoxious. For instance, a robber could be harmful and destructive for so ciety, though would be a kind and benevolent person in his domestic life, and may treat his children with great love and affection. Similarly, a pious person may commit genocide out of sheer feelings of revenge or abhorrence for his opponent or rival. Moreover, Otto von Bismarck (1815--1898) is regarded as a great German nationalist, though his name brings displeasure on the countenances of the French public at large. Since absolute goodness and evil do not exist in any part of the globe, declaring anyone as the representative of good or evil does not carry weight in the eyes of the philosophers, thinkers and intellectuals. Hegel alludes to the gallant deeds displayed by the soldiers while saving the boundaries of their country. (Austin, 624-25) Since they are also

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Research Paper Example Consumers get enjoyment and pleasure from products and services as Norman moves to think about the objects. Norman’s thinking on objects’ design and his efforts to relate with users’ perception is highly remarkable but he misses the objects in the visual sense. Norman in his book also worked on the emotional designs. Norman’s expression about emotional design on the object is more influencing and motivating. Although he worked on emotional design of objects, but young ideas on the theoretical framework were problematic. For example, Norman focused on the positive and negative impacts, which were produced only at the visceral level and did not involve other two levels. However, in the later section, Norman added other two levels in it. Design of objects presented at three levels overlap with his discussion. Instead of these shortcomings, there is clear evidence on the integration of the emotional facades in the field. 2. THE PHILOSOPHER'S TOOL KIT II (Wittk ower) In most part of the book† iPod and philosophy: iCon of an ePoch† Wittkower (2008) discussed the iPod and Philosophy. People have different views about philosophy. However, the central theme of philosophy is about the people reflection that is gained through their experience. Philosophy enables people to think, invent and reply the questions of others. Popular culture is also shaped through a close association between computer engineering and computer science. A new design is developed based on the users’ needs and demands. Development of new and innovative things does not occur at once but according to demands of people. From Chapter â€Å"Philosophy by iPod: wisdom to the people† the importance of the iPod for the runners in current times and future is revealed. IPod contains music that is a source of entertainment for people of the present generation. With the changing requirements of users, the iPod will serve the consumers in the future in order t o access the information on philosophies and interviews of philosophers. IPod is too known as the â€Å"next generation book† because future demands of consumers are to keep the large number of books in their pockets. In the future, communication problems will be solved through enhancement in iPod. The conversion of iPod into iPhone is a major perceived development. Digital media players are also embedded in the iPod. IPod is a source of learning, communication and fun games for the users. Appearance of everything needs the new features of design, shape and color, as makers also desire to think about all these features. The beetle of Volkswagens and iMac are other examples for the toolkits for the future. 3. UNDERSTANDING MEDIA (Evans) Evans says: "Even when you aren't listening, people are talking about you." (p.54) You must participate in the dialogues. In the above statement Evans (2010) signals towards the online marketing that has become a phenomenon for enterprises for last many years. Author also emphasized on the presence of enterprises’ representatives for discussion in forums like social websites i.e. blogs, and companies’ websites. Social media is significant for the enterprises to attract their customers and audience through online forums. Now enterprises can convey the message to their consumers about their products regardless of their physical locations. Now customers give feedback and rate their interested companies through the social media. Need for financing the social media for

Strengths Of The Nazi Economic Policies History Essay

Strengths Of The Nazi Economic Policies History Essay There are three points that would help us understand the great economic depression of 1929. These are â€Å"The business cycle, effect of US economy on the world and the importance of the share market†. The business cycle is a graph that depicts the real-output of the economy with respect to time. Although the growth of an economy is linear but it is noticed that the economy trend is like a roller-coaster, reaching a pinnacle and dipping down to the trough. It is classified as the boom phase when the economy is performing above the growth trend, and a recession when it underperforms. With the use of fiscal and monitory policies, the government bodies try to increase the ceiling of the peak and sustain it longer. And reduce the depth of the trough and the time span. After the Great War (WW1) USA provided many European nations loans to repair their industry and infrastructural damage caused by the war, this meant that the money lend by the USA was also circulated to their colonies. And this means that the money lent by the USA was circulated in a large portion of the world and therefore most of the economies were dependent on these loans. A economy is heavily dependent on the stock market and its performance guides investments of the economy like FDI and FFI As the USA’s stock market failed all the loans and investment around the world by the USA withdrew and both the world and US economy entered into a recession, which developed into a depression and later into the great economic depression. Most economist also speculate that the great economic depression was 4 consecutive depression within each other. And could have been saved by the USA government’s intervention before the catastrophe. The great economic depression of 1929 caused a major havoc in the international economy. Germany was especially hard hit because of The Peace Treaty of Versailles that imposed sanctions restrictions and a heavy reparation on it. Thus barring Germany’s growth stagnating economic development. American loans to help rebuilt the Germany economic, which were successful to achieve the pre-war output and a pseudo-stable economy, stopped because of the great depression. As a result, unemployment soared to 30%; the war reparation due by Germany was suspended by the Lausanne conference of 1932. By that time, Germany had already repaid 1/8th of the war reparation assigned to it by the peace treaty of Versailles. The Nazi party comes in power in 1933. Moreover, the shortcomings of the Weimar Republic were set as an example of failures and were used to drive the economy out of the great economic depression. When the conventional neoclassical theory failed to provide any panacea to overcome the predicament, many economies turned towards Keynesian economic policies for a solace. Keynesian policy suggested government intervention to help the economy revive. This idea contradicted the conventional neoclassical school of thought, which suggested that, the economy would revive on its own. When the Nazi came to power in 1933, they had three major domestic economic issues; unemployment, hyperinflation, improving living standards; all the issues were inter-related and had a common solution. The economy was now state control and rearmament was its main goal. Socialist effect on the economy made it unnecessary for women to work. There was an increase in the number of marriages and childbirths. Suicides committed by the youth below 20 years dropped by 80% between the years 1933-1939, suggesting better living standards than in 1933 indicating economic stability. The world economic situation supported the theory of â€Å"the stab in the back†, as leading economists were Jewish and the economic failure was an ongoing plot by the Jewish people, as a whole, to achieved global domination. These banking organizations influenced Nations States by extensions or with holding of credits. These events linked with Nazi prospective of Jewish people. Consumption pattern of Nazi Germany changed, although with a decrease in real income by 25% the employment rate zoomed to 100% the downward stickiness of labor price were countered by rules and regulation of employment policies banning strikes and labor rights to negotiate. Private Property rights were defused. Profit incentives for business owners were retained, to gui de the economy according to the needs of the state. â€Å"Although fixing of profits was, not their suppression, but was the official policy of the Nazi party†. The heavy taxes on profits guaranteed the direction of the economy. Hitler the early Nazi party did not consider economic policies as a major contributor to popularity, but the economic depression changed Nazi prospective of the economy. By understanding the economic policies and comparing them with the real life events, we can conclude the success of Nazi economic policies and the effectiveness of it against the great economic depression of 1929 with respect to the real life example Nazi Economic Policies As soon as Hitler moved into office, the three major issues that needed urgent addressing were Unemployment Hyperinflation Improving the living standards of the middle class. All the listed issues were interlinked or interdependent and the solutions were under one umbrella. To combat unemployment Nazi took refuge of the Aryan culture. After World War 1 Germany witnessed an increase by 37% of women in the work force. Aryan culture depicted women as homemaker men as breadwinners. This made it as unnecessary for women to work thus they were excluded from the unemployed category. To cover up this step posters propaganda that suggested the contribution of women to the economy was extremely high could not be quantified or priced. The two major programs implemented by Nazis to generate employment were the rearmament program and the Reinhardt program for infrastructural development. Both of these programs suggest war preparation of the Nazi German for World War II. German men were projected as either soldiers or laborers. The wages were now controlled by the government, which decreased the real income by 25%. This is against economic rules, which suggested that labors would not work under wages less then what they previously received. However, because trade unions were banned worker could not oppose this norm. Strikes and any other form of protest were also banned. Change in employment was strictly regulated even farmers had rules norms of what to cultivate, at what price. This also meant that prices of products in the market could be controlled. Hyperinflat ion was thus countered by the above mention strategy. We should know that one policy would never solve an economic issue so huge. Expenditure on public goods, and increased provision of merits goods like infrastructure, education, healthcare, and schemes promoting â€Å"Aryan Population† were placed to encourage consumption, trade, production, activities that help the economy to achieve full employment. Production in private sector was highly encouraged by provision of cheap labor from concentration camps. Hitler himself felt private property rights should be encouraged but the need of the hour suggested collaborative controlled acceleration of economy out of the great economy depression. The military spending constituted of 10% of the GDP of the nation, higher than any other European nation. This practice is termed as Military Keynesianism. High levels of imports were kept secrets until 1936 to boost consumer confidence discourage crowding out in the domestic market. Although these methods caused a huge deficit for the government, a part of the Keynesian economic policy being implemented by Nazi Germany. Total state control was not a Keynesian police. It was the effect of dictatorial and situational political scenario. Improving middle class living standard was the key objective of the Nazi party. Being a socialist party Nazis encouraged socialism amongst the society. Nazi self-help group that were created by before they come to power suggested the economy would have a blend of right left objectives. Production of cheap consumer goods was encouraged; an example of this is the foundation of Volkswagen in the year 1937. Provision of subsidized goods can also be inferred as a method to provide cheap consumer goods meant increased public consumption meant an increase in demand, which increase consumer confidence and encouraged production. The cash flow cycle had less leaks and high injections leading to a better lifestyle and increased production. The per capita buying capacity also increased. The solution to one issue would cause domino effect on the other issues. Although there is a decrease in real wages, full employment meant that every individual had the buying capacity. The number of government created jobs increased and the perks that government officer received helped improve the living standards. Socializing effected the competition of in the domestic market as profit was not the main goal of the economy or the firm. This meant better products at cheaper prices. The middle class living standard was upgraded from where they were in 1933. Nazi Economic Policy: Effect The economic growth of the economy was state controlled and it intended to rapidly overcome the great economic depression. This meant the faster the state achieved its goal the faster the people became richer. Unemployment causes unrest in the society, hunger breeds revolutions. Hitler was willing to do anything that would help increase employment. If we look at German employment programs it reveals the motive of the programs was not revenue seeking but socialist in nature, these programs intended to serve two purposes at a time like rearmament , better infrastructure or anything that German need. Improvement of the German infrastructure industry was a war preparatory procedure for war where military or the armed forces could be mobilized throughout the nation and its border. In June 1933 the ambitious â€Å"Reinhardt Program† was introduced for development of infrastructure. It was supported by indirect incentives such as tax reduction and direct public investment in waterways, rail-roads and highways. The Programme was followed by similar initiatives resulting in the great expansion of the German construction industry between 1933 to 1936. Many international companies that dealt with The Third Reich used Jewish salves to run the industrial plants like Daimler-Benz also used prisoners of wars to run their plants; Krupp made gas chamber; Bayer worked as a small part of the enormous IG Farben chemistry monopoly; and Hugo Boss designed the SS uniforms. Many companies now claim that either they did not know the truth of Nazi motives or had lost control of their plants or units in Germany. Provision of cheap labor from the concentration camps lured business throughout the world to open production plants or unit in Germany. This led to an increase in production of manufactured goods in Germany. It was Germany’s chief export. Thus, these products were available to the German masses at a cheaper rate. This led to an increase in the German Gross Product (GNP) by an average of 9.5%, the rate of industrial development rose by 17.2% between the year 1933-1936. Consumption and private-public consumption during the same perio d increased by 18.7% and 3.6% annually respectively. This expansion propelled the German economy out of a deep depression and into full employment in less than 4 years. According to the historian Richard Evans, prior to the outbreak of the war the German â€Å"Economy had recover from the depression faster than its counter parts in other countries. Germany’s foreign debt had established interest rates had fallen to half their 1932 level; the stock exchange had recovered from the depression the Gross National Product had raised by 81% over the same period. Inflation and unemployment had been concurred†. these are indicators of the economic stablity Nazi viewed private property right as conditioned upon the mode of use. Privately Hitler started in 1942, â€Å"I absolutely insist on protecting private property. †¦..We must encourage private initiative†. Under Nazi free completion and regulation by a market, greatly decreased. If the private property did not correspond with Nazi goal was nationalized. Threats of takeover were used to encourage compliance with government production plans even if it would cost profits. Although Nazis transferred public ownership and services to the private sector. They increased state control regulations and interference in economic affairs. Even farmers had to follow the central plan of agriculture, which tied the farmers to their land. Farm ownerships were private but discretion of operations and profits were taken away. Production prices were controlled via quota system. Cartels were compulsory and permanent in all industries. Eventually these were dissolved to be replaced by bodies that are more authoritarian. Profit incentives for business owners were retained, though greatly modified through various profit making schemes. Guiding allocation of investments according to the economic planning by Nazi government agencies. Government finance eventually dominated investment process, which the proportion of private securities issued falling from half of the total in 1933 and 1934 to approximately 10% in 1935-1938. Although large firms were mostly exempted from taxes on profit unlike small businesses, the Government control was so extensive that it only left â€Å"The shell of private ownership†. Although taxes and subsidies were used to direct the economy, the use of terror as an incentive for compliance and agreement was the under lying policy. For any business owner who persuade his self-interest in place of the states was deemed to death or concentration camps. The firm’s in spite of such control by the state had significant freedom in planning th eir own production investment activity. Although following Italy’s lead German economy aimed towards achieving Autarky (autocracy) that is self-sufficiency but because Germany lacked raw material this was not possible. Germany reduced imports of raw materials in order to help German heavy industry. World prices for raw materials were on the rise. At the same time world prices for manufactured goods, Germany chief exports, were falling. A large trade deficit was inevitable but Autarky helped sustaining the economy. Germany did not and could not, strive for fall Autarky as it lacked resources. The Government tried to limit its number of trade partners, and, when possible, only trade with countries within the German Sphere of influence. Suggesting protectionist methods for the domestic market. German businesses were encouraged to form monopolies and oligopolies whose interest was protected by the state. Cartels quasi-cartels, whether big business or small set prices, engaged i n limiting production and agreed to classify consumer to realize monopoly profit. The Government and big business formed a symbiotic relation where the business leader supported the government’s goals in return of economic policies that maximize their profits. The rearmament industry was supported by the state to reach their military goal to support such industry labor books were introduced, trade unions and collective bargaining and right to strike was abolished. Nazi economic policies: analysis Keynesian And Military Keynesian Policies Keynesian policies introduced government intervention in a free market economy. The previously popular neo-classical method explained that an economy would recover on its own without government intervention on the contrary it could create havoc in the economy and disturb its balance. Neo classical the school of thought would explain that the demand and supply would mutually reach equilibrium. Keynesian policies proposed a balance where the private sector was the primary dominator but was supported by the public sector and the government, a combination of monetary and fiscal policies is used to balance out the effects of the business cycle on the economy. It was fairly a new concept introduced in the nineteen thirties it was a midway between laissez-faire capitalism and socialism. This model was used by countries after world war one to recover from the great economic depression of 1929. The German economy was driven by these policies, they were modified by the nation to suit their ne eds, it provided the economy with support it needed after the great economic depression. The economy was focused at rearmament and all the programs that were deployed were aimed at the military goal of the nation. War preparation dominated the German economy after 1933. Initially the economy was state driven and controlled by the state, the demand and supply were control and government intervention was increasing in all sectors. Huge amounts of deficit spending on provision of public goods helped pave a path for businesses and would later helped in mobilization of the armed forces. The economy intended to achieve economic self-sufficiency or autarky. It is also were considered a form of military Keynesianism. Although the economy entered into the war it was successful in overcoming the great economic depression and achieved fully employment it could not work without government intervention or did not have the opportunity to function without government intervention or support. In Keynes’s theory, there are some micro-level actions of individuals and firms that can lead to aggregate macroeconomic outcomes in which the economy operates below its potential output and growth. Some classical economists had believed in says law, that supply creates its own demand, so that a general glut would therefore be impossible. Keynes contended that aggregate demand for goods might be insufficient during economic downturns, leading to unnecessarily high unemployment and losses of potential output. Keynes argued that government policies could be used to increase aggregate demand, thus increasing economic activity and reducing unemployment and deflation. Keynes argued that the solution to depression was to stimulate the economy (inducement to invest) through some combination of two approaches: a reduction in interest rates and government investment in infrastructure. Investment by government injects income, which results in more spending in the general economy, which in turn stimulates more production and investment involving still more income and spending and so forth. The initial stimulation starts a cascade of events, whose total increase in economic activity is a multiple of the original investment. A central conclusion of Keynesian economics is that, in some situations, no strong automatic mechanism moves output and employment towards full employment levels. This conclusion conflicts with economic approaches that assume a general tendency towards equilibrium. In the neoclassical synthesis, which combines Keynesian macro concepts with a micro foundation, the conditions of general equilibrium allow for price adjustment to achieve this goal. The policies are still in use by U. S. A. and the UK in a moderated and democratic way. The economy intended to Increase that real wages of the workers, or at least the lifestyle they led to. Every German worker was promised a car and therefore a sum of their wages and was set to be deducted for the car. The German workers did not see the car even after they paid the necessary amount set by the government the cars were not delivered to any of the workers in the Nazi years. There were many such traps in the German society where the workers had many forms of deductions from their wages such as old age insurance, dues to the labor front and at other voluntary Contributions to the Nazi party. Although everyone was employed but the real wages decreased To Half their level in 1928, in addition to get to fifteen to thirty-five percent of their Wages were deducted as taxes and voluntary Contributions. The opportunity cost that the government faced Was Reduction in investment in education Healthcare and quality consumer goods. These policies were also used to create Allies who was then forced by the bilateral agreements to create an increase dependency on Germany therefore they not only supported in Germany they would depend upon it for consumer goods [Germany’s main Export] when in Germany entered the war these nations for dragged along into the war with Germany. The socialist impact on the economy Post world war one Germany was under the dilemma of whose fault it was, The peace treaty of Versailles declaired That Germany was solely responsible for world war one. A conflict of an identity struck the German masses and the blame game began many theories came forward suggesting whose fault it was. The Nazis seized this as an opportunity and generated a huge amount of following. The German ambition got the better of German sensibility. In 1933 Hitler requested then Those in Hindenburg to dissolve the government and re-elect a government as the nation entered a full blown recession. After the elections The Nazi party became the largest party in opposition and Adolph Hitler became the chancellor of Germany, President Hindenburg and the cabinet to of ministers believed that they could control him but as the course of history unfolded, it was prominent that they were unsuccessful. The further course of history is known to all. Socialism means equal distribution of wealth in the society. The gap between the rich and the poor was intended to reduce. All of the policies that the Nazi government introduced were The Perceived short comings of the Weimar Republic and to increase the domestic support for the party. The Rearmaments program intended to prepare the nation for the war The Goering’s Four year plan was a turning point in the Nazi regime. The control on industries in Germany tightened up under this program. Although the production of oil, rubber and armaments fell short of what the Nazis wanted. Production of other goods such as aluminum increased greatly. By the end of 1938 Germany’s industrial production had increased by hundred and five percent since 1933 although successful in the economy was not prepared for the war. After 1937 Schacht resigned, he was replaced by â€Å"funk† a Nazi puppet, Goering became the real economic dictator. The program intended to make German self-suf ficient in industry and agriculture. Before the Nazi came to power they had organized self-help groups with the slogan â€Å"Anyone who does not have a shirt, Can always put on a green one (Nazi shirt)† the camps would organize Fold, shelter and work. This was also an initiation of creating a stronghold in Germany and its masses, this represented that the Nazi party could to make a difference even when not in power, the loyalty that these programs induced Was Too high for logical reasoning. The use of mass rallies was intended to convey the facts but without causing a stir. It was not the speeches but the tone That mesmerized the audience. Socialism was a prominent feature in the Nazi party. Community gatherings, Lunch and dinner And celebration was a common Happening. Distribution of gets during Christmas by the prominent a Nazi leaders was a common sight. Hitler Was many a times depicted As a grandfather like image When he grew old. The remained a bachelor all his life To be fantasized by women as the perfect of bachelor. In 1933 Hitler said: ‘In my state the mother is the most important citizen.’ But in Nazi Germany all mothers were not treated equally. Women who bore racially undesirable children were punished and those who produced racially desirable children were awarded. They were given favoured treatment in hospitals and were also entitled to concessions in shops and on theatre tickets and railway fares. To encourage women to produce many children, Honor Crosses were awarded. A bronze cross was given for four children, silver for six, and gold for eight or more. Conclusion According to me, the German economic policies were anti-democratic and in the long run unsustainable but the it worked just like the plaster on a fractured arm, it helped the economy heal but the collateral damage by the war was extensive and the economy was not ready to take a blow. 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Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Sept. 2009. Keynesian economics: Definition from Answers.com. Answers.com: Wiki QA combined with free online dictionary, thesaurus, and encyclopedias. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2010. . Keynesian economics: Definition from Answers.com. Answers.com: Wiki QA combined with free online dictionary, thesaurus, and encyclopedias. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2010. . Nazism Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Sept. 2009.